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MiG-21

          Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21

The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 is a supersonic jet fighter and interceptor aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. It was popularly nicknamed "balalaika", from the aircraft's planform-view resemblance to the Russian stringed musical instrument or ołówek (English: pencil) by Polish pilots due to the shape of its fuselage.

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Approximately 60 countries over four continents have flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations six decades after its maiden flight. It made aviation records, became the most-produced supersonic jet aircraft in aviation history, the most-produced combat aircraft since the Korean War and previously the longest production run of a combat aircraft.

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Operational history India

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India is the largest operator of MiG-21s. In 1961, the Indian Air Force (IAF) opted to purchase the MiG-21 over several other Western competitors. As part of the deal, the Soviet Union offered India full transfer of technology and rights for local assembly.1964, the MiG-21 became the first supersonic fighter jet to enter service with the IAF.
Since 1963, India has introduced more than 1,200 MiG fighters into its air force. As of 2019, 113 MiG-21s are known to be in operation in the IAF. However, the plane has been plagued by safety problems. Since 1970 more than 170 Indian pilots and 40 civilians have been killed in MiG-21 accidents. At least 14 MiG-21s have crashed between 2010 and 2013. Over half of the 840 aircraft built between 1966 and 1984 were lost to crashes. When in afterburner, the engine operates very close to its surge line and the ingestion of even a small bird can lead to an engine surge/seizure and flame out.

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2019 India Pakistan Stand-Off


On 27 February 2019 during the 2019 India–Pakistan standoff, an Indian Air Force MiG-21 Bison was shot down by an unknown Pakistani aircraft, speculated to be an F-16, using the AIM-120 AMRAAM missile[22].[23] The pilot was captured and later released.

History of MiG-21 Bison


The Russian-origin MiG-21 Bison is one of India’s six fighter jets. It is a single engine, single-seater multi-role fighter/ground attack aircraft which forms the “backbone of the IAF”, according to the air force’s website.

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It has a maximum speed of 2230 km/hr (Mach 2.1) and carries one 23mm twin-barrel cannon with four R-60 close combat missiles.
The Bison is the latest upgrade. Since 2006, over a 100 MiG-21s of the IAF have been upgraded to Bison.

The IAF will phase out the MiG-21 Bison by 2022 when the aircraft reaches the end of their lifetime.

What are the upgrades?

A senior IAF official said the upgrades to the MiG-21 BIS that became the latest MiG-21 Bison include upgraded electronics, better avionics and communication systems, the Kopyo lightweight multi-mode radar, a helmet-mounted display, and a better windshield, among others.

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“It was made capable of carrying modern weapon systems and missiles. In terms of electronics, it could have been compared to the then Mirage 2000,” said the IAF official on condition of anonymity.

“The information available to pilots and their self-protection was better in the upgraded aircraft,” the official added.

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Another senior IAF official said multi-function display cockpits, radio sets, electronic warfare suite, inertial navigation system/GPS were also among the upgrades.

General characteristics
  • Crew: 1
  • Length: 14.7 m (48 ft 2 in)
  • Wingspan: 7.154 m (23 ft 6 in)
  • Height: 4 m (13 ft 6 in)
  • Wing area: 23 m² (247.6 ft²)
  • Empty weight: 5,846 kg (12,880 lb)
  • Loaded weight: 8,725 kg (19,230 lb) with 2 × K-13A missiles
  • Max. takeoff weight: 9,800 kg (21,600 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Tumansky R-25-300 afterburning turbojet
    • Dry thrust: 40.21 kN (9,040 lbf)
    • Thrust with afterburner: 69.62 kN; 97.1 kN WEP (15,650 lbf; 21,825 lbf WEP)
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Performance
  • Maximum speed: 
    • At sea level: Mach 1.05 (1,300 km/h; 808 mph)
    • At 13,000 m (42,640 ft): Mach 1.76 (2,175 km/h; 1,351 mph)
  • Range: 1,470 km (910 mi; 790 nmi) at 10,000 m (32,800 ft) with 2 × K-13A missiles and 800 l (180 imp gal; 210 US gal)
  • Service ceiling: 17,500 m (57,400 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 225 m/s (44,280 ft/min)
  • Wing loading: 452.2 kg/m² (92.7 lb/f²)
  • Maximum g-load: 8.5 g
  • Landing speed: 350 km/h (190 kn), usually with a drogue parachute[156]
Armament

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